Igurishwa rishyushye

PCB ni impfunyapfunyo yumurongo wumuzingo wanditse mucyongereza. Imirongo icapye bakunze kwitwa uburyo bwo kuyobora bukozwe mumuzingo wacapwe, ibice byacapwe, cyangwa guhuza byombi, bishingiye kubishushanyo mbonera byateganijwe kubikoresho. Uburyo bwo kuyobora butanga amashanyarazi hagati yibigize kuri insulateri yiswe byitwa umuzenguruko wacapwe. Muri ubu buryo, ibicapo byacapwe cyangwa imbaho ​​zarangiye zumuzingo wacapwe byitwa imbaho ​​zicapye, bizwi kandi nkibibaho byacapwe cyangwa imbaho ​​zicapye. Kuri PCB yibanze cyane, ibice byibanze kuruhande rumwe naho insinga zegeranijwe kurundi ruhande. Kuberako insinga zigaragara kuruhande rumwe gusa, twita ubu bwoko bwa PCB kuruhande rumwe PCB. Kuberako PCB imwe imwe ifite imbogamizi zikomeye muburyo bwo kuzunguruka, kuko zifite uruhande rumwe gusa, insinga ntishobora gutandukana kandi igomba kugenda yigenga.

PCB ihindagurika yakoreshejwe cyane ku isoko kandi yabaye ibicuruzwa byingirakamaro mu nganda za elegitoroniki. Irashobora guhuza nibikorwa bitandukanye bya PCB byoroshye, nkibikoresho byambarwa, ingingo zubuhanga, ibikoresho byubuvuzi, modul ya RFID, nibindi. Ihuriro rya PCB rikomeye kandi ryoroshye rikoreshwa cyane cyane kuri terefone igendanwa nibicuruzwa byambarwa. Byombi byoroheje kandi byoroshye PCBs itanga ibishushanyo bihamye hamwe nuburyo bworoshye bwo kwimuka cyangwa kunyeganyeza ibicuruzwa.

PCBs yoroheje PCBs irashobora kugororwa, kuzingirwa, cyangwa kuzunguruka, hanyuma igashyirwa mubicuruzwa bitandukanye. Zitanga ubworoherane, guhinduka, no kugenda kubikoresho byikurura. Harimo amakarita yo kwagura na bateri kuri mudasobwa zigendanwa cyangwa mudasobwa ya desktop. Igice cyoroshye cya PCB kirashobora kugororwa cyangwa kugoramye, ariko ntabwo byoroshye nkibibaho byoroshye guhuza ikibaho. Nibisubizo byigikoresho cyibikoresho byoroshye kuko bidasaba guhuza gukomeye mubice bifite umuhanda munini wabanyamaguru, kuko bishobora kunama bitavunitse cyangwa ngo bitandukane. Iyi blog yanditse izinjira mubikorwa bitandukanye bya PCB yoroheje kandi yoroheje ya PCB.

Ikibaho cyumuzunguruko cyacapwe (PCB), kizwi kandi nk'icapiro ry'umuzunguruko cyangwa icapiro ry'umuzunguruko. Ibibaho byinshi byacapwe bivuga ku mbaho ​​zacapwe zifite ibice birenga bibiri, bigizwe no guhuza insinga ku byiciro byinshi byo kubika insimburangingo hamwe n’ibikoresho byo kugurisha bikoreshwa mu guteranya no gusudira ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki. Ntabwo bafite umurimo wo kuyobora imirongo ya buri cyiciro, ariko bafite n'umurimo wo kwigizanya.

Ikibaho kinini cya PCB bivuga ikibaho cyumuzunguruko cyinshi gikoreshwa mubicuruzwa byamashanyarazi, bikoresha ibyuma byinshi cyangwa impande ebyiri. Urupapuro rwumuzunguruko rwacapwe rukoresha uruhande rumwe rwimbere rwimbere, ibice bibiri byuruhande rumwe rwinyuma, cyangwa ibice bibiri byimbere byimbere, hamwe nibice bibiri byo hanze, kandi bihujwe nubushushanyo bukora ukurikije ibisabwa byashizweho binyuze muri sisitemu yimyanya kandi kubika ibikoresho byo guhuza, bihinduka ibice bine cyangwa bitandatu byacapwe byumuzunguruko, bizwi kandi nkibice byinshi byacapwe byumuzunguruko.

Urufatiro rwicyuma rugizwe nicyuma fatizo, icyuma cyiziritse, hamwe numuzunguruko wumuringa. Nibikoresho byumuzunguruko wibyuma bigizwe nibikoresho rusange bya elegitoroniki, bigizwe nubushyuhe bwumuriro, icyuma, hamwe nicyuma. Ifite imbaraga zidasanzwe za rukuruzi, gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe bwiza, imbaraga za mashini nyinshi, hamwe nuburyo bwiza bwo gutunganya.

Icyuma cyo gukuramo ibyuma kigizwe nicyuma cyububiko bwicyuma, icyuma gikingira, hamwe numuringa wambaye umuringa. Igice cyo hejuru ni umuringa wuzuye umuzenguruko, ubanza ugizwe numuringa. Ukurikije amashanyarazi asabwa guhuza, umuzenguruko urashobora kwangirika mukuzunguruka gusabwa. Imbaraga za tristoriste, chip igenzura chip, nibindi birashobora kugurishwa muburyo butaziguye umuringa wambaye umuringa. Mu rwego rwo koroshya gusudira no kwirinda okiside, ipaderi yagurishijwe yometseho Ti, Pt, Cu, Au nizindi firime zinanutse zahabu, ifite ubunini bwa microni 35, 50, 70105140; Urwego ruciriritse ni urwego ruciriritse, rusanzwe rukozwe muri epoxy ikirahuri cya fibre fibre yometse hamwe nubushyuhe bwiza bwumuriro, epoxy resin, cyangwa firime dielectric ya firime yuzuyemo ibikoresho byubutaka. Umubyimba wacyo ugabanijwemo ibintu bine: 50, 75, 100, 150 micron.

Ikibaho kinini PCB yerekana ubwoko bwihariye bwumuzunguruko ufite amashanyarazi menshi ya electronique, ikoreshwa mumirima yumurongo mwinshi (inshuro zirenga 300MHz cyangwa uburebure bwumuraba uri munsi ya metero 1) na microwave (inshuro zirenze 3GHz cyangwa uburebure buri munsi ya metero 0.1) . Nibibaho byumuzunguruko bikozwe kuri microwave substrate yumuringa wambaye umuringa ukoresheje inzira zimwe zisanzwe zisanzwe zikora imashanyarazi cyangwa uburyo bwihariye bwo gutunganya.

Igice kinini cyumuringa PCB nigice gikura mubikorwa byacu. Kugirango dushyigikire iki gice cyingenzi, turimo guteza imbere umubano umaze igihe ninganda nyinshi zatoranijwe neza mugushakisha isoko.

HDI PCB (High Density Interconnect PCB) ni ikibaho kinini cyuzuzanya cyumuzunguruko cyakoreshejwe kugirango ugere ku masano menshi nubucucike buri hejuru. Ubusanzwe ikoreshwa mubikoresho bya elegitoroniki bigoye nka terefone zigendanwa, tableti, na mudasobwa.

Ubuyobozi bwumuzunguruko wa HDI PCB bukoresha urutonde rwikoranabuhanga rigezweho rwo gukora, nk'imiyoboro ya mikoro, imyobo yashyinguwe buhumyi, imashini irwanya, hamwe n’imikoranire hagati. Izi tekinoroji zituma HDI PCBs igera kumurongo mwinshi hamwe nubushakashatsi bwimbitse bwumuzingi mubunini buto.

Bitewe nuburyo bwo gukora hamwe nibisabwa byuzuye mubisabwa byumuzunguruko wa HDI PCB, igiciro cyo gukora HDI PCB mubusanzwe kiri hejuru ugereranije nimbaho ​​zisanzwe zumuzunguruko. Ni ukubera ko HDI PCBs isaba gukoresha inzira zigoye nibikoresho bigezweho kugirango bigere kubwinshi bwabyo kandi bigoye.

Mubyongeyeho, igishushanyo mbonera cyimiterere yumurongo wumuzunguruko wa HDI PCB bisaba kandi ibikoresho byinshi bya injeniyeri nishoramari ryigihe kugirango wizere kandi bikore neza byumuzunguruko.

Kubwibyo, muri rusange, igiciro cyo gukora cyibibaho byumuzunguruko wa HDI PCB kiri hejuru yicyicaro cyumuzunguruko. Nyamara, ibintu byihariye bigira ingaruka kubintu nabyo biterwa nibindi bintu byinshi, nkumubare ukenewe wibice, ubugari bwumurongo / intera, ibisabwa bya aperture, nibindi.

FPC (Flexible Circuit Board) ni ubwoko bwa PCB, buzwi kandi nka "ikibaho cyoroshye". F. Irashobora kwihanganira amamiriyoni yimigozi idafite imbaraga zangiza insinga, kandi irashobora kwimuka no kwaguka ukurikije imiterere yimiterere yabantu kugirango igere kubiterane byibice bitatu, bigere kubufatanye bwo guteranya ibice no guhuza insinga. Ifite ibyiza ubundi bwoko bwumuzunguruko udashobora kugereranya.

FPC ikoreshwa cyane mubikoresho byubukanishi kuko guhinduka kwayo bituma imbaho ​​zumuzingi zirwanya kunyeganyega. PCBs ihindagurika iraramba kurenza imbaho ​​zisanzwe zumuzunguruko, ariko uburyo bwo gukora burakomeye kandi buragoye.

Ubuyobozi bubiri bwa PCB ni ubwoko bwingenzi bwubuyobozi bwa PCB ku isoko ryumuzunguruko. Hano hari imbaho ​​zibiri za PCB zifite ibyuma byibanze, Hi-Tg ikibaho cyumuringa kiremereye cyumuzunguruko, ikibaho kiringaniye kandi kizunguruka impande ebyiri za PCB, imbaho ​​za PCB zifite umuvuduko mwinshi, imvange ya dielectric base yumurongo wa kabili PCB, nibindi. ikwiranye ninganda nyinshi zinganda zikoranabuhanga cyane nkitumanaho, gutanga amashanyarazi, mudasobwa, kugenzura inganda, ibicuruzwa bya digitale, ibikoresho bya siyansi nuburezi, ibikoresho byubuvuzi, imodoka, kurinda ikirere, nibindi.

Abakoresha benshi ba PCB basanga PCBs ceramic PCB zifite akarusho kurenza PCB gakondo zakozwe mubindi bikoresho. Iyi nyungu ni ukubera ko ceramic PCBs itanga insimburangingo ikwiranye nu miyoboro ya elegitoronike ifite ubushyuhe bwinshi hamwe na coefficient nkeya yo kwagura ubushyuhe (CTE).

Ceramic PCB irahuze cyane kandi irashobora gusimbuza PCB yuzuye gakondo hamwe nigishushanyo gito kandi cyongerewe imikorere. Urashobora kubikoresha mubicuruzwa byinshi, nkumuzunguruko ufite imbaraga nyinshi, chip-on-board modules hamwe na sensor yegeranye.